Thyroid Problems: Understanding an Underactive or Overactive Thyroid

Your thyroid is a small gland in your neck, but it plays an important role in regulating many functions in your body, including metabolism, energy, heart rate, and temperature.

7/30/20262 min read

What Is a Thyroid Problem?

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck.

It produces hormones that help regulate important functions in your body, including metabolism, energy use, heart rate, and body temperature.

When the thyroid does not produce the right amount of hormones, it can affect how your body functions.

Two common thyroid conditions are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Underactive Thyroid: Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.

Some common symptoms may include:

  • Feeling tired or lacking energy

  • Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight

  • Feeling unusually cold

  • Dry skin

  • Hair thinning or hair loss

  • Constipation

  • Slower thinking or difficulty concentrating

  • Low mood

Symptoms can develop gradually and may be mistaken for normal tiredness or other health concerns.

Overactive Thyroid: Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone.

Common symptoms may include:

  • Feeling nervous, restless, or anxious

  • Shaking or trembling

  • Unexplained weight loss

  • Feeling unusually hot or sweating more than usual

  • Fast or irregular heartbeat

  • Difficulty sleeping

  • Increased appetite

  • Feeling weak or tired

Some people may experience only a few symptoms, while others may notice several changes at once.

How Are Thyroid Problems Diagnosed?

If you have symptoms that may be related to your thyroid, a healthcare professional may recommend a blood test to check thyroid hormone levels.

Additional tests may sometimes be needed to determine the cause of the problem.

It is important not to self-diagnose based on symptoms alone because many thyroid symptoms can also occur with other health conditions.

Can Thyroid Problems Be Treated?

Yes. Most thyroid conditions can be managed with appropriate treatment.

Treatment depends on the type of thyroid problem, its cause, your symptoms, and your individual health needs.

Your healthcare professional may recommend medication, regular blood tests, or other treatments depending on your condition.

When Should You Get Checked?

Consider speaking with a healthcare professional if you have persistent or unexplained changes in:

  • Energy levels

  • Weight

  • Heart rate

  • Mood

  • Sleep

  • Sensitivity to heat or cold

  • Hair or skin condition

A simple blood test can help determine whether your thyroid may be contributing to your symptoms.

Take Care of Your Thyroid Health

Thyroid problems are common and can affect people in different ways.

The good news is that thyroid conditions can often be effectively treated and managed with the right diagnosis and care.

If you are experiencing persistent symptoms or are concerned about your thyroid health, speak with your healthcare professional about whether a thyroid blood test may be appropriate for you.